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Description Rapid clonal evolution as shown by the mean frequency of the faster growing aphid clones in each evolution treatment (± 1 SE). Panels separate caged (a) and uncaged (b) treatments. Horizontal bar...
Article Title: The impact of rapid evolution on population dynamics in the wild: experimental test of eco‐evolutionary dynamics
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Analyses of effect sizes of different types of species interactions on diversification rates. Grand means (filled circles) and 95% confidence intervals (coloured lines) are shown. Results are...
Article Title: Species interactions have predictable impacts on diversification
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Percent mortality per mesocosm varied with treatments for three plant functional groups (means ± one standard error are shown, n = 48): (a) composites (Achillea, Heliopsis, Solidago), (b)...
Article Title: Interactions among mycorrhizae, atmospheric CO2 and soil N impact plant community composition
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Boxplots depicting foraging body temperatures for Plestiodon latiscutatus on islands where Elaphe quadrivirgata is present (orange with shaded area), and on islands where E. quadrivirgata is absent...
Article Title: Predator presence and recent climatic warming raise body temperatures of island lizards
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Hypothesised trade‐offs in plant strategies revealed by environmental manipulation. By quantifying change in abundance in response to nutrient addition and fencing to exclude mammalian herbivores,...
Article Title: Life‐history constraints in grassland plant species: a growth‐defence trade‐off is the norm
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Proportional change in the costs of development with a 10% increase in temperature (relative to natural temperature range for each species), for 72 species (red = fish, yellow = amphibians, green =...
Article Title: Linking life‐history theory and metabolic theory explains the offspring size‐temperature relationship
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Proportion of hours in January having sub‐freezing (−0.63 °C) temperatures as function of depth. Depths that never froze are red.
Article Title: Three questions about the eco‐physiology of overwintering underground
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description (a) Natal and (b) adult dispersal propensity over time. The connected circles and bars represent the observed dispersal probability at each month, ± standard error. Empty circles correpond to...
Article Title: Spatio‐temporal dynamics of density‐dependent dispersal during a population colonisation
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Variation in fungal community composition in organic soil profiles of eight old‐growth coniferous forest sites, as visualised by (a and b) sample plots of a correspondence analysis (CA) and (c) a...
Article Title: Below‐ground organic matter accumulation along a boreal forest fertility gradient relates to guild interaction within fungal communities
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Graphical representation of the effects of niche construction on the impact vectors of consumer A or B under the assumption that the intraspecific negative effect is stronger than the interspecific...
Article Title: Niche construction in the light of niche theory
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description The ratio of mean number of approaches per 5 min to plants in a group with high NPR divided by the number of approaches to plants in a group with low NPR for various distances between the two groups.
Article Title: Small‐scale spatial patterns determine ecological relationships: an experimental example using nectar production rates
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Coefficient plots displaying estimated means and 95% credible intervals (CRIs) of the models for (a) old cone hoards, (b) new cone hoards, (c) parturition dates (note negative values indicate...
Article Title: Indirect effects on fitness between individuals that have never met via an extended phenotype
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Illustration of relationship between diversity‐dependence of (a) the synchrony index, ϕ, and (b) the mean correlation coefficient, ρ¯, under the assumption of equal population variances. The green...
Article Title: Understanding diversity–stability relationships: towards a unified model of portfolio effects
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Generic diversity of juvenile corals in the urchin and algal zones of each of the six study locations. Values shown are mean ± SD for two primary sites per location, based on the abundance of...
Article Title: Local and regional scale recovery of Diadema promotes recruitment of scleractinian corals
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description At the community level (a) disturbance type did not affect semi‐axis lengths, whereas at the population level (b) semi‐axis lengths were affected by the disturbance type. High DS was found under...
Article Title: The dimensionality of stability depends on disturbance type
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Personality‐dependent space‐use at the home range (HR) scale. Compared to Slow agents (light‐green), Fast (dark‐blue) agents are expected to have larger HRs and/or different HR‐structure. We used...
Article Title: What's your move? Movement as a link between personality and spatial dynamics in animal populations
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Path model showing the relationships among herbicides, total amphibian density, tadpole developmental Gosner stage, eosinophil density in tadpole blood, and trematode loads in tadpoles, controlling...
Article Title: Effects of pesticides on exposure and susceptibility to parasites can be generalised to pesticide class and type in aquatic communities
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description The relationship between taxonomic and functional diversity. Three possible relationships are shown. The top (dashed) line shows the relationship when rare species are functionally redundant. The...
Article Title: Disentangling biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning: deriving solutions to a seemingly insurmountable problem
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description The effect of predator removal in an SIR model. The lowest line corresponds to infected individuals, I; the middle (solid) to susceptibles, S and the top to the total population, N. In this...
Article Title: Keeping the herds healthy and alert: implications of predator control for infectious disease
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Model averaging results for time‐calibrated PNND and ecological characteristics of the introduced species
Article Title: Testing Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis in the Azores
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description A conceptual synthetic invasion meta‐framework (SIM) based on fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes and states. The three different characteristics of invasions and their effect on...
Article Title: Emergent insights from the synthesis of conceptual frameworks for biological invasions
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Relationships between the number of beneficiary species and of beneficiary individuals and Geum rossii fitness [number of flowers (a and b, respectively) and number of emerged seeds (c and d,...
Article Title: Phenotypic variation in nurse traits and community feedbacks define an alpine community
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Probability response models of six coral spawning schedules plotted against the rate of change in solar insolation (the derivative, eqn 3) at the time of spawning (only six species are shown for...
Article Title: Annual cycles of solar insolation predict spawning times of Caribbean corals
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Analysed fitness components
Article Title: When do herbivorous insects compete? A phylogenetic meta‐analysis
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description The (a) proportion of new surface mineral soil carbon (C; fixed since 1998; 0–20 cm) and (b) the pool of old soil C in the plots fumigated with elevated carbon dioxide (+CO2 and +CO2+O3) for each...
Article Title: Species‐specific responses to atmospheric carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone mediate changes in soil carbon
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Changes in maternal GC levels and MDS exposure in the predator‐prey system of the snowshoe hare. As the hare population declines, the risk of predation increases (a) directly affecting maternal GC...
Article Title: Determining the adaptive potential of maternal stress
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description The relationship between (a) monoculture productivity and overyielding of 12 species (all species in Table 1 except those not present in monoculture), (b) R* for nitrogen and overyielding of nine...
Article Title: Mechanisms responsible for the positive diversity–productivity relationship in Minnesota grasslands
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Hierarchy of processes and scales within the meta‐ecosystem model. (a) Autotroph and herbivore biomass (X and Y) are the sum of the individual contributions (P and Θ, respectively) of each element...
Article Title: Emergence of nutrient co‐limitation through movement in stoichiometric meta‐ecosystems
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Fishery selection coefficients plotted against year of the fishery as a function of both age and sex (females: open circles; males: black squares). Directional coefficients are plotted in the left...
Article Title: Four decades of opposing natural and human‐induced artificial selection acting on Windermere pike (Esox lucius)
Publication Title: Ecology Letters -
Description Results from the Latent Class Analysis, with Bayesian Information Criterion. On the x‐axis, the log biovolume of each species, and the histogram represents the size distributions where the...
Article Title: Zooming in on size distribution patterns underlying species coexistence in Baltic Sea phytoplankton
Publication Title: Ecology Letters