Description Monthly averaged frontal characteristics extracted from density transects along the Halifax Line using the algorithm described in section 3: (a) the frontal depth H (in meter), (b) the frontal...
Article Title: Frontal Dynamics of a Buoyancy‐Driven Coastal Current: Quantifying Buoyancy, Wind, and Isopycnal Tilting Influence on the Nova Scotia Current
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Spatial patterns of Remote Sensing Systems sea surface temperature during 10–18 October. Dashed contours indicate the cyclonic eddy. Blue cyclone symbol represents the location of the tropical...
Article Title: Surface and Sub‐surface Ocean Response to Tropical Cyclone Phailin: Role of Pre‐existing Oceanic Features
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Annual average EKE (m2/s2) from (a) Exp1, (b) OSCAR, and (c) AVISO. First mode of EOF performed with EKE from (d) Exp1, (e) OSCAR, and (f) AVISO with the principal components in (g)–(i)...
Article Title: Characteristics of the Discontinuity of Western Boundary Current in the Bay of Bengal
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Spectral statistics (occurrence probability of spectral partitions in percentage) of neighboring points in the North Sea. The coordinates are 3.2° in longitude for the four points and from 53° to...
Article Title: On the specification of background errors for wave data assimilation systems
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Same as Figure 9 but for chlorophyll averaged over the upper 15 m.
Article Title: Impacts of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Surface Waters of the Western North Atlantic Mitigated by Multiple Feedbacks
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Snapshots of (a) temperature, (b) velocity, and (c) relative vorticity divided by the Coriolis parameter f in 75 m depth on 31 March 2004 in FESOM_1km. The yellow line in Figure 3c has a length of...
Article Title: Eddy‐Resolving Simulation of the Atlantic Water Circulation in the Fram Strait With Focus on the Seasonal Cycle
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description The percentage of total gain (2004–2016) contributed by S¯·∆V to ∆Msal derived from multiple data sets. The error bars denote the 90% confidence level.
Article Title: Salt Sinking in the Upper South Pacific Subtropical Gyre From 2004 to 2016
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Relationship between overturn time and the value of the barrier parameter b for the stations containing newly ventilated winter water, using the mean March heat flux. See text for details.
Article Title: Characteristics and Transformation of Pacific Winter Water on the Chukchi Sea Shelf in Late Spring
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description The color‐filled contours show the northward heat transport (PW) that is gradually accumulated from the western and southern boundaries as particles increase their temperature while moving from...
Article Title: Subtropical‐Tropical Transfer in the South Atlantic Ocean
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Thirty days of high‐frequency (>0.5 cpd) for (top) sum travel times and (bottom) difference travel times. Only travel times for ray arrivals 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 are shown, which have the clearest...
Article Title: Acoustic Tomography in the Canary Basin: Meddies and Tides
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Temperature relative to the time‐mean temperature estimated from the identified‐ray travel times. The estimated temperature is an average over the range of the path and over 0–2,000 m depth...
Article Title: Acoustic Tomography in the Canary Basin: Meddies and Tides
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Difference in M2 amplitudes (cm) between the self‐attraction and loading‐online control run and an iterating simulation initialized by β = 0.10. Panels show differences after (a) three, (b) four,...
Article Title: Can We Model the Effect of Observed Sea Level Rise on Tides?
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Ensemble average adjustment of CESM‐AO minus CESM‐A at 2,000 m at individual grid cells (blue) and calculated linear trends (red). North Pacific (55.5°N, 180.5°W), South Pacific (60.5°S, 180.5°W),...
Article Title: The Effect of Internal Variability on Ocean Temperature Adjustment in a Low‐Resolution CESM Initial Condition Ensemble
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Profiles of vertical eddy diffusivities KHi approximately 8 h after the start of the simulation for air‐sea flux tracers cH1‐cH5 in the SE (solid lines) and LO (dashed lines) regions. Lines for...
Article Title: Effects of submesoscale turbulence on ocean tracers
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Hammack () experimental data (circles) and analytical solutions (pluses) compared to GPUSPH results for the temporal variation of the normalized free surface elevations at (a, c) the center...
Article Title: Temporal and Topographic Source Effects on Tsunami Generation
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Bimonthly (thin lines) and annual (bold) mean top‐bottom transport time series (Sv), western Atlantic at 47°N. The red stippled lines present the linear long‐term trend, whenever the trends are...
Article Title: Observed Transport Decline at 47°N, Western Atlantic
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Section of potential temperature (top row; °C), salinity (middle row), and dissolved oxygen concentration (bottom row; μmol/kg) measured in the CGFZ by DP15‐1 (left panels), DP15‐2 (middle panels),...
Article Title: ISOW Spreading and Mixing as Revealed by Deep‐Argo Floats Launched in the Charlie‐Gibbs Fracture Zone
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Time‐mean difference in freshwater height ΔHF (integrated down to 277 m) and difference in currents (averaged over upper 100 m) for (a) B2, (b) B1, (c) C1, (d) C2, and (e) C3 experiments. The...
Article Title: The response of the central Arctic Ocean stratification to freshwater perturbations
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Differences in monthly sea ice freeboard grids for April 2015 using UCL13 MSS as reference and either GGM (EGM2008), or MSS (DTU10, DTU13, and DTU15) in the freeboard processing chain.
Article Title: An Assessment of State‐of‐the‐Art Mean Sea Surface and Geoid Models of the Arctic Ocean: Implications for Sea Ice Freeboard Retrieval
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description The CAMBIOS array was located across the Canary Basin and oriented so as to observe the southwestward flux of Mediterranean water. The Canary Basin is the primary avenue for movement of...
Article Title: Acoustic Tomography in the Canary Basin: Meddies and Tides
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Daily‐averaged time series (left) and anomalies (right) for the CCE2 mooring at 16 m (top) and 76 m (bottom). Variables at 16 m are (top‐bottom) temperature, salinity, oxygen, nitrate+nitrite,...
Article Title: Biogeochemical Anomalies at Two Southern California Current System Moorings During the 2014–2016 Warm Anomaly‐El Niño Sequence
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description (a) Dual‐tracer plot for steady‐state end‐member sand using a single input function for the reprocessing plants (RPs). The RP end‐member corresponds to an average value of the years 2000–2016, with...
Article Title: Tracing Atlantic Waters Using 129I and 236U in the Fram Strait in 2016
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Grain size frequency percentage distribution of the MM.
Article Title: Mobile mud dynamics in the East China Sea elucidated using 210Pb, 137Cs, 7Be, and 234Th as tracers
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description (a) Spatial variability of equation calculated for f = 0.01 Hz. Color range from 0.5 (offshore) to 1 (coast). Solid black contour line indicates the shoreside boundary contour, gray lines denote...
Article Title: Infragravity Wave Radiation Across the Shelf Break
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Current rose of average velocity in the Pacific Winter Water (PWW) layer from four moorings in 2003–2016 (mooring locations are shown in Figure ). The frequency count for velocity is marked as...
Article Title: Circulation of Pacific Winter Water in the Western Arctic Ocean
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description (a) March mean mixed layer depth (color shade in m) and surface density (black contours in 25.0 σθ and 25.5 σθ). (b) May mean potential vorticity (PV; color shade in 10−10 · m−1 · s−1) and the...
Article Title: Volume and Transport of Eddy‐Trapped Mode Water South of the Kuroshio Extension
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description The SST and the vertical sea temperature (averaged by meridian 5°N to 5°S) components of the category‐1 (a1 and b1) and category‐2 (a2 and b2) SPB‐related initial condition errors for January (0)...
Article Title: The Initial Condition Errors Occurring in the Indian Ocean Temperature That Cause “Spring Predictability Barrier” for El Niño in the Pacific Ocean
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description Monthly values for alongshore freshwater transport across Cape Desolation with Polar Water classification (blue), as well as offshore freshwater transport across the 500‐m isobath of western...
Article Title: Cross‐Isobath Freshwater Exchange Within the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description (top) Mode‐1 C‐EOF of interannual anomalies of MLD (m), curl of the surface wind stress (line contour, ×107 s−1), net outgoing heat flux from the surface (W m−2), net latent heat flux (W m−2),...
Article Title: A Modeling Study of Interannual Variability of Bay of Bengal Mixing and Barrier Layer Formation
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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Description (a) Mixed layer depth (MLD) in the CTRL simulation averaged in September and (b) the changes in MLD between CTRL and 5dAVG. The mask in gray scale is the simulated sea ice fraction. Panels (c) and...
Article Title: Impact of Near‐Inertial Waves on Vertical Mixing and Air‐Sea CO2 Fluxes in the Southern Ocean
Publication Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

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