Description (a) Temperature profile across the body of the lamnid Lamna ditropis at c. 0·4 total length, LT, immediately after capture. Muscle temperature ranges from 25° C in the core red muscle to 9° C just...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description The amplitude of the propulsive wave along the body in swimming Isurus oxyrinchus and Triakis semifasciata. Lateral displacement, expressed as a percentage of the total body length (LT), is...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description Proposed model of forces acting on a Triakis semifasciata swimming at 1·0 total length s−1, while maintaining horizontal position. , the centre of mass; , force vectors. Lift is generated by the...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description Representative sharks of the four groups identified by Thomson & Simanek (1977): (a) Isurus oxyrinchus, (b) Carcharhinus leucas, (c) Scyliorhinus torrei and (d) Centroscyllium fabricii (modified...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description Muscle activation and strain (sonomicrometry) recorded simultaneously over consecutive tail‐beat cycles in anterior (Ant.) (0·4 total length, LT) and posterior (Post.) (0·6 LT) axial positions in...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description Diagram of a generalized heterocercal shark tail to illustrate morphological features: the upturned notochord axis (na), the dorsal (dl) and ventral (vl) fin lobes, the small subterminal lobe (stl)...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description (a) Numbered sequence of body midlines from a fast‐start escape response of Triakis semifasciata filmed at 16·7 ms intervals. , 0·33 total length (LT) for each frame, representing the centre of...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description Correlation between body kinematics and red muscle dynamics in a steady swimming Isurus oxyrinchus. (a) Dorsal midline traces from 0·4 total length, (LT), to the tail tip (1·0 LT) for selected time...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description Images from frames of a high‐speed ciné film of a swimming Squalus acanthias, showing the propulsive wave on the body. Tracking a lateral wave peak, as indicated by , shows that the wave travels...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description Red muscle power output as a function of cycle frequency and temperature in (a) Triakis semifasciata, (b) Isurus oxyrinchus and (c) Lamna ditropis. Values of power are normalized to the maximum at...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description Triakis semifasciata fast‐start showing how flexion on the posterior left side (, ) opposes the direction of the head turn (), indicating that muscle activation occurs on both sides at the...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description The organization of the lateral muscle in sharks. (a) Etmopterus spinax, a typical ectothermic subcarangiform species. The body is long and slender and has a long heterocercal tail. A post‐anal...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description Stage 1 angle v. stage 1 duration for fast‐starts in Triakis semifasciata (). , delineates the upper and lower group of data as fast and slow responses, respectively. For comparison, show results...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description (a) Muscle activation patterns in fast‐starts by Triakis semifasciata, showing the very fast axial propagation during stage 1. (a) Recordings at three sites along left side; fish turns to the left....
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description (a) Red muscle activation strain at anterior (Ant.) (0·43 total lengths, LT) and posterior (Post.) (0·75 LT) locations in a Scomber japonicus swimming at 3·0 LT s−1. , the onset and offset of...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description Temporal relation between muscle activation and muscle shortening along the body in two fast‐starts of Triakis semifasciata. (a and c) Midline curvature at four axial positions is used as an index...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description Curves representing body midlines from successive 60 Hz video images of a swimming fish to show how V (propulsive wave velocity) or λb (the propulsive wavelength) can be measured. (a) By aligning...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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Description Red muscle distribution in two lamnids, Isurus oxyrinchus () and Lamna ditropis (), and the non‐lamnid Triakis semifasciata (). Data are based on the area of red muscle measured in cross‐sections...
Article Title: Muscle function and swimming in sharks
Publication Title: Journal of Fish Biology

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